U.S. Court Directory

How U.S. courts are organized

The United States has two main court systems that run side by side: the federal courts and each state's own state courts. Which court hears a case depends on the subject and the parties involved. Here's a plain-language overview to help you get oriented.

The federal court system

Federal courts generally handle cases involving federal law, the U.S. Constitution, disputes between states, and certain cases between citizens of different states. The system has three main levels:

• U.S. District Courts — the trial courts, where federal cases begin. There are 94 federal judicial districts.
• U.S. Courts of Appeals — 13 appellate circuits that review district-court decisions.
• The Supreme Court of the United States — the highest court, which has the final word on questions of federal law.

The 13 federal appellate circuits

State courts

Most everyday legal matters — such as family law, most criminal cases, personal injury, landlord–tenant disputes, and probate — are handled in state courts. Each state sets up its own system, but they generally include trial courts, an intermediate appeals court, and a state supreme court. Names and structures vary from state to state.

To find the courts and rules for a particular state, search that state's official judicial-branch website. For help understanding which court applies to your situation, it's best to talk with an attorney licensed in that state.